| PREFACE |
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
| CHAPTER 1 EXTREME VALUES OF FUNCTIONALS |
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.2 FUNCTIONALS |
| 1.3 NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR RELATIVE EXTREME VALUES OF REAL-VALUED FUNCTIONS OF ONE REAL VARIABLE |
| 1.4 NORMED LINEAR SPACEW |
| 1.5 THE GÂTEAUX VARIATION OF A FUNCTIONAL |
| 1.6 THE SPACE OF ADMISSIBLE VARIATIONS |
| 1.7 FIRST NECESSARY CONDITION FOR A RELATIVE MINIMUM OF A FUNCTIONAL |
| 1.8 THE SECOND GÂTEAUX VARIATION AND A SECOND NECESSARY CONDITION FOR A RELATIVE MINIMUM OF A FUNCTIONAL |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| APPENDIX |
| A1.9 RELATIVE EXTREME VALUES OF REAL-VALUED FUNCTIONS OF n REAL VARIABLES |
| CHAPTER 2 THE THEORY OF THE FIRST VARIATION |
| 2.1 WEAK AND STRONG RELATIVE EXTREME VALUES |
| 2.2 FIRST NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE SIMPLEST VARIATIONAL PROBLEM |
| 2.3 THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATION |
| 2.4 LAGRANGE'S METHOD |
| 2.5 DISCUSSION OF THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATION |
| 2.6 THE PROBLEM OF MINIMAL SURFACES OF REVOLUTION |
| 2.7 NATURAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS |
| 2.8 TRANSVERSALITY CONDITIONS |
| 2.9 BROKEN EXTREMALS AND THE WEIRSTRASS-ERDMANN CORNER CONDITIONS |
| 2.10 SMOOTHING OF CORNERS |
| 2.11 GENERALIZATION TO MORE THAN ONE UNKNOWN FUNCTION |
| 2.12 THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS IN CANONICAL FORM |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| APPENDIX |
| A2.13 THE PROBLEM IN TWO UNKNOWN FUNCTIONS WITH VARIABLE ENDPOINTS |
| A2.14 INVARIANCE OF THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS |
| A2.15 HAMILTON'S PRINCIPLE OF STATIONARY ACTION |
| A2.16 NOETHER'S INTEGRATION OF THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATION-CONSERVATION LAWS IN MECHANICS |
| A2.17 GENERALIZATION TO MORE THAN ONE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| CHAPTER 3 THEORY OF FIELDS AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR A STRONG RELATIVE EXTREMUM |
| 3.1 FIELDS |
| 3.2 HILBERT'S INVARIANT INTEGRAL |
| 3.3 TRANSFORMATION OF THE TOTAL VARIATION |
| 3.4 AN EXAMPLE OF A STRONG MINIMUM |
| 3.5 FIELD CONSTRUCTION AND THE JACOBI EQUATION |
| 3.6 THE ZEROS OF THE SOLUTIONS OF THE JACOBI EQUATION-CONJUGATE POINTS |
| 3.7 CONJUGATE POINTS AND FIELD EXISTENCE |
| 3.8 A SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR A WEAK MINIMUM |
| 3.9 A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR A STRONG RELATIVE MINIMUM |
| 3.10 A SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR THE PROBLEM IN n UNKNOWN FUNCTIONS |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| APPENDIX |
| A3.11 SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE VARIABLE-ENDPOINT PROBLEM |
| A3.12 EXISTENCE OF A TRANSVERSAL FIELD |
| A3.13 FOCAL POINTS IN TRANSVERSAL FIELD |
| A3.14 "FIELD, INVARIANT INTEGRAL, AND EXCESS FUNCTION OF THE PROBLEM IN TWO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES" |
| CHAPTER 4 THE HOMOGENEOUS PROBLEM |
| 4.1 PARAMETER INVARIANCE OF INTEGRAL |
| 4.2 PROPERTIES OF HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS |
| 4.3 WEAK AND STRONG RELATIVE EXTREMA |
| 4.4 THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS FOR THE HOMOGENEOUS PR |
| 4.5 DISCUSSION OF THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS |
| 4.6 TRANSVERSALITY CONDITION |
| 4.7 CARATHEODORY'S INDICATRIX |
| 4.8 INTEGRALS OF THE EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS |
| 4.9 FIELD AND EXCESS FUNCTION |
| 4.10 STRONG AND WEAK EXTREMA |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| CHAPTER 5 THE HAMILTON-JACOBI THEORY AND THE MINIMUM PRINCIPLE OF PONTRYAGIN |
| 5.1 A FUNDAMENTAL LEMMA OF CARATHÉODORY |
| 5.2 DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING |
| 5.3 THE HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATION |
| 5.4 SOLUTION OF THE HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATION-JACOBI'S THEOREM |
| 5.5 THE HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATION AND FIELD EXISTENCE |
| 5.6 A GENERAL MINIMUM-INTEGRAL CONTROL PROBLEM |
| 5.7 THE MINIMUM PRINCIPLE OF PONTRYAGIN |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| APPENDIX |
| A5.8 THE TIME-OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM |
| A5.9 A NONAUTONOMOUS TERMINAL CONTROL PROBLEM OF PREDETERMINED DURATION |
| A5.10 THE MINIMUM PRINCIPLE AS A SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR LINEAR CONTROL PROBLEMS OF FIXED DURATION |
| A5.11 BANG-BANG CONTROLS |
| A5.12 A PROBLEM OF LAGRANGE AS AN OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM |
| CHAPTER 6 THE PROBLEM OF LAGRANGE AND THE ISOPERIMETRIC PROBLEM |
| 6.1 VARIATIONAL PROBLEMS WITH CONSTRAINTS |
| 6.2 THE PROBLEM OF MAYER AND A FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF UNDETERMINED SYSTEMS |
| 6.3 THE LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER RULE |
| 6.4 DISCUSSION OF THE LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER RULE |
| 6.5 THE ISOPERIMETRIC PROBLEM |
| 6.6 DISCUSSION OF THE ISOPERIMETRIC PROBLEM |
| 6.7 PROOF OF THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF UNDERDETERMINED SYSTEMS |
| 6.8 THE MAYER PROBLEM WITH A VARIABLE ENDPOINT |
| 6.9 TRANSVERSALITY CONDITIONS FOR THE LAGRANGE PROBLEM WITH A VARIABLE ENDPOINT |
| 6.10 A SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR THE LAGRANGE PROBLEM |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| APPENDIX |
| A6.11 ON THE AUGMENTATION OF A MATRIX |
| A6.12 A LAGRANGE PROBLEM WITH FINITE CONSTRAINTS |
| CHAPTER 7 THE THEORY OF THE SECOND VARIATION |
| 7.1 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR A WEAK MINIMUM |
| 7.2 LEGENDRE'S NECESSARY CONDITION |
| 7.3 BLISS' SECONDARY VARIATIONAL PROBLEM AND JACOBI'S NECESSARY CONDITION |
| 7.4 LEGENDRE'S TRANSFORMATION OF THE SECOND VARIATION |
| 7.5 A SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR A WEAK RELATIVE MINIMUM |
| 7.6 SCHEMATIC REVIEW OF THE SIMPLEST VARIATIONAL PROBLEM |
| 7.7 THE SECOND VARIATION OF FUNCTIONAL OF n VARIABLES |
| 7.8 THE STRENGTHENED LEGENDRE CONDITION |
| 7.9 CONJUGATE POINTS AND JACOBI'S NECESSARY CONDITION |
| BRIEF SUMMARY |
| APPENDIX |
| A7.10 THE LEGENDRE CONDITION FOR THE HOMOGENEOUS PROBLEM |
| A7.11 THE JACOBI CONDITION FOR THE HOMOGENEOUS PROBLEM |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| INDEX |