| Preface |
| 1 Transverse Waves on a String |
| 1.1 The wave equation for an ideal stretched string |
| 1.2 A general solution of the one-dimensional wave equation |
| 1.3 Harmonic or sinusoidal waves |
| 1.4 Standing sinusoidal waves |
| 1.5 Solving the wave equation by the method of separation of variables |
| 1.6 The general motion of a finite string segment |
| 1.7 Fourier series |
| 1.8 Energy carried by waves on a string |
| 1.9 The reflection and transmission of waves at a discontinuity |
| *1.10 Another derivation of the wave equation for strings |
| *1.11 Momentum carried by a wave |
| 2 Waves on a Membrane |
| 2.1 The wave equation for a stretched membrane |
| 2.2 Standing waves on a rectangular membrane |
| 2.3 Standing waves on a circular membrane |
| 2.4 Interference phenomena with plane traveling waves |
| 3 Introduction to the Theory of Elasticity |
| 3.1 The elongation of a rod |
| 3.2 Volume changes in an elastic medium |
| 3.3 Shear distortion in a plane |
| 3.4 The torsion of round tubes and rods |
| 3.5 The statics of a simple beam |
| 3.6 The bending of a simple beam |
| 3.7 Helical springs |
| 4 One-dimensional Elastic Waves |
| 4.1 Longitudinal waves on a slender rod |
| (a) The wave equation |
| (b) Standing waves |
| (c) Energy and power |
| (d) Momentum transport |
| 4.2 The impedance concept |
| 4.3 Rods with varying cross-sectional area |
| 4.4 The effect of small perturbations on normal-mode frequencies |
| 4.5 Torsional waves on a round rod |
| 4.6 Transverse waves on a slender rod |
| (a) The wave equation |
| (b) Solution of the wave equation |
| (c) Traveling waves |
| (d) Normal-mode vibrations |
| 4.7 Phase and group velocity |
| 4.8 Waves on a helical spring |
| *4.9 Perturbation calculations |
| 5 Acoustic Waves in Fluids |
| 5.1 The wave equation for fluids |
| *5.2 The velocity of sound in gases |
| 5.3 Plane acoustic waves |
| (a) Traveling sinusoidal waves |
| (b) Standing waves of sound |
| 5.4 The cavity (Helmholtz) resonator |
| 5.5 Spherical acoustic waves |
| 5.6 Reflection and refraction at a plane interface |
| 5.7 Standing waves in a rectangular box |
| 5.8 The Doppler effect |
| *5.9 The velocity potential |
| *5.10 Shock Waves |
| *6 Waves on a Liquid Surface |
| 6.1 Basic hydrodynamics |
| (a) Kinematical equations |
| (b) The equation of continuity |
| (c) The Bernoulli equation |
| 6.2 Gravity waves |
| 6.3 Effect of surface te |
| 6.4 Tidal waves and the tides |
| (a) Tidal waves |
| (b) Tide-generating forces |
| (c) Equilibrium theory of tides |
| (d) The dynamical theory of tides |
| 6.5 Energy and power relations |
| *7 Elastic Waves in Solids |
| 7.1 Tensors and dyadics |
| 7.2 Strain as a dyadic |
| 7.3 Stress as a dyadic |
| 7.4 Hooke's law |
| 7.5 Waves in an isotropic medium |
| (a) Irrotational waves |
| (b) Solenoidal waves |
| 7.6 Energy relations |
| *7.7 Momentum transport by a shear wave |
| *8 Electromagnetic Waves |
| 8.1 Two-conductor transmission line |
| (a) Circuit equations |
| (b) Wave equation |
| (c) Characteristic impedance |
| (d) Reflection from terminal impedance |
| (e) Impedance measurement |
| 8.2 Maxwell's equations |
| 8.3 Plane waves |
| 8.4 Electromagnetic energy and momentum |
| 8.5 Waves in a conducting medium |
| 8.6 Reflection and refraction at a plane interface |
| (a) Boundary conditions |
| (b) Normal incidence on a conductor |
| (c) Oblique incidence on a nonconductor |
| 8.7 Waveguides |
| (a) The vector wave equation |
| (b) General solution for waveguides |
| (c) Rectangular cross section |
| *(d) Circular cross section |
| 8.8 Propagation in ionized gases |
| 8.9 Spherical waves |
| 9 Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous and Obstructed Media |
| 9.1 The WKB approximation |
| 9.2 Geometrical optics |
| 9.3 The Huygens-Fresnel principle |
| 9.4 Kirchhoff diffraction theory |
| (a) Green's theorem |
| (b) The Helmholtz-Kirchhoff theorem |
| (c) Kirchoff boundary conditions |
| 9.5 Diffraction of transverse waves |
| *9.6 Young's formulation of diffraction |
| 10 Fraunhofer Diffraction |
| 10.1 The paraxial approximation |
| 10.2 The Fraunhofer limit |
| 10.3 The rectangular aperture |
| 10.4 The single slit |
| 10.5 The circular aperture |
| 10.6 The double slit |
| 10.7 Multiple slits |
| *10.8 Practical diffraction gratings for spectral analysis |
| (a) Gratings of arbitrary periodic structure |
| (b) The grating equation |
| (c) Dispersion |
| (d) Resolving power |
| *10.9 Two-dimensional gratings |
| *10.10 Three-dimensional gratings |
| 11 Fresnel Diffraction |
| 11.1 Fresnel zones |
| (a) Circular zones |
| (b) Off-axis diffraction |
| (c) Linear zones |
| 11.2 The rectangular ape |
| (a) Geometry and notation |
| (b) The Cornu spiral |
| 11.3 The linear slit |
| 11.4 The straight edge |
| 12 Spectrum Analysis of Waveforms |
| 12.1 Nonsinusoidal periodic waves |
| 12.2 Nonrecurrent waves |
| 12.3 Amplitude-modulated waves |
| 12.4 Phase-modulated waves |
| 12.5 The motion of a wave packet in a dispersive medium |
| 12.6 The Fourier transform method |
| 12.7 Properties of transfer functions |
| 12.8 Partial coherence in a wavefield |
| Appendixes |
| A. Vector calculus |
| B. The Smith calculator |
| C. Proof of the uncertainty relation |
| Index |