| Preface |
| General References |
| 1. Classical Theory |
| 1.1 Principle of Least Action |
| 1.1.1 Classical Motion |
| 1.1.2 Electromagnetic Field as an Infinite Dynamical System |
| 1.1.3 Electromagnetic Interaction of a Point Particle |
| 1.2 Symmetries and Conservation Laws |
| 1.2.1 Fundamental Invariants |
| 1.2.2 Energy Momentum Tensor |
| 1.2.3 Internal Symmetries |
| 1.3 Propagation and Radiation |
| 1.3.1 Green Functions |
| 1.3.2 Radiation |
| 2. The Dirac Equation |
| 2.1 Toward a Relativistic Wave Equation |
| 2.1.1 Quantum Mechanics and Relativity |
| 2.1.2 The Dirac Equation |
| 2.1.3 Relativistic Covariance |
| 2.2 Physical Content |
| 2.2.1 Plane Wave Solutions and Projectors |
| 2.2.2 Wave Packets |
| 2.2.3 Electromagnetic Coupling |
| 2.2.4 Foldy-Wouthuysen Transformation |
| 2.3 Hydrogen-like Atoms |
| 2.3.1 Nonrelativistic versus Relativistic Spectrum |
| 2.3.2 Dirac Theory |
| 2.4 Hole Theory and Charge Conjugation |
| 2.4.1 Reinterpretation of Negative Energy Solutions |
| 2.4.2 Charge Conjugation |
| 2.4.3 Zero-Mass Particles |
| 2.5 Dirac Propagator |
| 2.5.1 Free Propagator |
| 2.5.2 Propagation in an Arbitrary External Electromagnetic Field |
| 2.5.3 Application to the Coulomb Scattering |
| 2.5.4 Fock-Schwinger Proper Time Method |
| 3. Quantization--Free Fields |
| 3.1 Canonical Quantization |
| 3.1.1 General Formulation |
| 3.1.2 Scalar Field |
| 3.1.3 Charged Scalar Field |
| 3.1.4 Time-Ordered Product |
| 3.1.5 Thermodynamic Equilibrium |
| 3.2 Quantized Radiation Field |
| 3.2.1 Indefinite Metric |
| 3.2.2 Propagator |
| 3.2.3 Massive Vector Field |
| 3.2.4 Vacuum Fluctuations |
| 3.3 Dirac Field and Exclusion Principle |
| 3.3.1 Anticommutators |
| 3.3.2 Fock Space for Fermions |
| 3.3.3 Relation between Spin and Statistics--Propagator |
| 3.4 Discrete Symmetries |
| 3.4.1 Parity |
| 3.4.2 Charge Conjugation |
| 3.4.3 Time Reversal |
| 3.4.4 Summary |
| 4. Interaction with an External Field |
| 4.1 Quantized Electromagnetic Field Interacting with a Classical Source |
| 4.1.1 Emission Probabilities |
| 4.1.2 Emitted Energy and the Infrared Catastrophe |
| 4.1.3 Induced Absorption and Emission |
| 4.1.4 S Matrix and Evolution Operator |
| 4.2 Wick's Theorem |
| 4.2.1 Bose Fields |
| 4.2.2 Fermi F |
| 4.2.3 General Case |
| 4.3 Quantized Dirac Field Interacting with a Classical Potential |
| 4.3.1 General Formalism |
| 4.3.2 Emission Rate to Lowest Order |
| 4.3.3 Pair Creation in a Constant Uniform Electric Field |
| 4.3.4 The Euler-Heisenberg Effective Lagrangian |
| 5. Elementary Processes |
| 5.1 S Matrix and Asymptotic Theory |
| 5.1.1 Cross Sections |
| 5.1.2 Asymptotic Theory |
| 5.1.3 Reduction Formulas |
| 5.1.4 Generating Functional |
| 5.1.5 Connected Parts |
| 5.1.6 Fermions |
| 5.1.7 Photons |
| 5.2 Applications |
| 5.2.1 Compton Effect |
| 5.2.2 Pair Annihilation |
| 5.2.3 Positronium Lifetime |
| 5.2.4 Bremsstrahlung |
| 5.3 Unitarity and Causality |
| 5.3.1 Unitarity and Partial Wave Decomposition |
| 5.3.2 Causality and Analyticity |
| 5.3.3 The Jost-Lehmann-Dyson Representation |
| 5.3.4 Forward Dispersion Relations |
| 5.3.5 Momentum Transfer Analyticity |
| 6. Perturbation Theory |
| 6.1 Interaction Representation and Feynman Rules |
| 6.1.1 Self-Interacting Scalar Field |
| 6.1.2 Feynman Rules for Spinor Electrodynamics |
| 6.1.3 Electron-Electron and Electron-Positron Scattering |
| 6.1.4 Scalar Electrodynamics |
| 6.2 Diagrammatics |
| 6.2.1 Loopwise Expansion |
| 6.2.2 Truncated and Proper Diagrams |
| 6.2.3 Parametric Representation |
| 6.2.4 Euclidean Green Functions |
| 6.3 Analyticity Properties |
| 6.3.1 Landau Equations |
| 6.3.2 Real Singularities |
| 6.3.3 Real Singularities of Simple Diagrams |
| 6.3.4 Physical-Region Singularities. Cutkosky Rules |
| 7. Radiative Corrections |
| 7.1 One-Loop Renormalization |
| 7.1.1 Vacuum Polarization |
| 7.1.2 Electron Propagator |
| 7.1.3 Vertex Function |
| 7.1.4 Summary |
| 7.2 Radiative Corrections to the Interaction with an External Field |
| 7.2.1 Effective Interaction and Anomalous Magnetic Moment |
| 7.2.2 Radiative Corrections to Coulomb Scattering |
| 7.2.3 Soft Bremsstrahlung |
| 7.2.4 Finite Inclusive Cross Section |
| 7.3 New Effects |
| 7.3.1 Photon-Photon Scattering |
| 7.3.2 Lamb Shift |
| 7.3.3 Van der Waals Forces at Large Distances |
| 8. Renormalization |
| 8.1 Regularization and Power Counting |
| 8.1.1 Introduction |
| 8.1.2 Regularization |
| 8.1.3 Power Counting |
| 8.1.4 Convergence Theorem |
| 8.2 Renormalization |
| 8.2.1 Normalization Conditions and Structure of the Counter |
| 8.2.2 Bogoliubov's Recursion Formula |
| 8.2.3 Zimmermann's Explicit Solution |
| 8.2.4 Renormalization in Parametric Space |
| 8.2.5 Finite Renormalizations |
| 8.2.6 Composite Operators |
| 8.3 Zero-Mass Limit, Asymptotic Behavior, and Weinberg's Theorem |
| 8.3.1 Massless Theories |
| 8.3.2 Ultraviolet Behavior and Weinberg's Theorem |
| 8.4 The Case of Quantum Electrodynamics |
| 8.4.1 Formal Derivation of the Ward-Takahashi Identities |
| 8.4.2 Pauli-Villars Regularization to All Orders |
| 8.4.3 Renormalization |
| 8.4.4 Two-Loop Vacuum Polarization |
| 9. Functional Methods |
| 9.1 Path Integrals |
| 9.1.1 The Role of the Classical Action in Quantum Mechanics |
| 9.1.2 Trajectories in the Bargmann-Fock Space |
| 9.1.3 Fermion Systems |
| 9.2 Relativistic Formulation |
| 9.2.1 S Matrix and Green Functions in Terms of Path Integrals |
| 9.2.2 Effective Action and Steepest-Descent Method |
| 9.3 Constrained Systems |
| 9.3.1 General Discussion |
| 9.3.2 The Electromagnetic Field as an Example |
| 9.4 Large Orders in Perturbation Theory |
| 9.4.1 Introduction |
| 9.4.2 Anharmonic Oscillator |
| 10. Integral Equations and Bound-State Problems |
| 10.1 The Dyson-Schwinger Equations |
| 10.1.1 Field Equations |
| 10.1.2 Renormalization |
| 10.2 Relativistic Bound States |
| 10.2.1 Homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter Equation |
| 10.2.2 The Wick Rotation |
| 10.2.3 Scalar Massless Exchange in the Ladder Approximation |
| &n |
| 12.3 The Effective Action at the One-Loop Order |
| 12.3.1 General Form |
| 12.3.2 Two-Point Function |
| 12.3.3 Other Functions |
| 12.3.4 One-Loop Renormalization |
| 12.4 Renormalization |
| 12.4.1 Slavnov-Taylor Identities |
| 12.4.2 Identities for Proper Functions |
| 12.4.3 Recursive Construction of the Counterterms |
| 12.4.4 Gauge Dependence of Green Functions |
| 12.4.5 Anomalies |
| 12.5 Massive Gauge Fields |
| 12.5.1 Historical Background |
| 12.5.2 Massive Gauge Theory |
| 12.5.3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking |
| 12.5.4 Renormalization of Spontaneously Broken Gauge |
| 12.5.5 Gauge Independence and Unitarity of the S Matrix |
| 12.6 The Weinberg-Salam Model |
| 12.6.1 The Model for Leptons |
| 12.6.2 Electron-Neutrino Cross Sections |
| 12.6.3 Higher-Order Corrections |
| 12.6.4 Incorporation of Hadrons |
| 13. Asymptotic Behavior |
| 13.1 Effective Charge in Electrodynamics |
| 13.1.1 The Gell-Mann and Low Function |
| 13.1.2 The Callan-Symanzik Equ |
| 13.2 Broken Scale Invariance |
| 13.2.1 Scale and Conformal Invariance |
| 13.2.2 Modified Ward Identities |
| 13.2.3 Callan-Symanzik Coefficients to Lowest Order |
| 13.3 Scale Invariance Recovered |
| 13.3.1 Coupling Constant Flow |
| 13.3.2 Asymptotic Freedom |
| 13.3.3 Mass Corrections |
| 13.4 Deep Inelastic Lepton-Hadron Scattering and Electron-Positron Annihilation into Hadrons |
| 13.4.1 Electroproduction |
| 13.4.2 Light-Cone Dynamics |
| 13.4.3 Electron-Positron Annihilation |
| 13.5 Operator Product Expansions |
| 13.5.1 Short-Distance Expansion |
| 13.5.2 Dominant and Subdominant Operators, Operator Mixing, and Conservation Laws |
| 13.5.3 Light-Cone Expansion |
| Appendix |
| A-1 Metric |
| A-2 Dirac Matrices and Spinors |
| A-3 Normalization of States, S Matrix, Unitarity, and Cross Sections |
| A-4 Feynman Rules |
| Index |