| 1. Functionals |
| 1.1 Introduction; Examples of Optimizational Problems |
| 1.2 Vector Spaces |
| 1.3 Functionals |
| 1.4 Normed Vector Spaces |
| 1.5 Continuous Functionals |
| 1.6 Linear Functionals |
| 2. A Fundamental Necessary Condition for an Extremum |
| 2.1 Introduction |
| 2.2 A Fundamental Necessary Condition for an Extremum |
| 2.3 Some Remarks on the Gâteaux Variation |
| 2.4 Examples on the Calculation of Gâteaux Variations |
| 2.5 An Optimization Problem in Production Planning |
| 2.6 Some Remarks on the Fréchet Differential |
| 3. The Euler-Lagrange Necessary Condition for an Extremum with Constraints |
| 3.1 Extremum Problems with a Single Constraint |
| 3.2 Weak Continuity of Variations |
| 3.3 Statement of the Euler-Lagrange Multiplier Theorem for a Single Constraint |
| 3.4 Three Examples, and Some Remarks on the Geometrical Significance of the Multiplier Theorem |
| 3.5 Proof of the Euler-Lagrange Multiplier Theorem |
| 3.6 The Euler-Lagrange Multiplier Theorem for Many Constraints |
| 3.7 An Optimum Consumption Policy with Terminal Savings Constraint During a Period of Inflation |
| 3.8 The Meaning of the Euler-Lagrange Multipliers |
| 3.9 Chaplygin's Problem, or a Modern Version of Queen Dido's Problem |
| 3.10 The John Multiplier Theorem |
| 4. Applications of the Euler-Lagrange Multiplier Theorem in the Calculus of Variations |
| 4.1 Problems with Fixed End Points |
| 4.2 John Bernoulli's Brachistochrone Problem, and Brachistochrones Through the Earth |
| 4.3 Geodesic Curves |
| 4.4 Problems with Variable End Points |
| 4.5 How to Design a Thrilling Chute-the-Chute |
| 4.6 Functionals Involving Several Unknown Functions |
| 4.7 Fermat's Principle in Geometrical Optics |
| 4.8 Hamilton's Principle of Stationary Action; an Example on Small Vibrations |
| 4.9 The McShane-Blankinship Curtain Rod Problem; Functionals Involving Higher-Order Derivatives |
| 4.10 Functionals Involving Several Independent Variables; the Minimal Surface Problem |
| 4.11 The Vibrating String |
| 5. Applications of the Euler-Lagrange Multiplier Theorem to Problems with Global Pointwise Inequality Constraints |
| 5.1 Slack Functions and Composite Curves |
| 5.2 An Optimum Consumption Policy with Terminal Savings Constraint Without Extreme Hardship |
| 5.3 A Problem in Production Planning with Inequality Constraints |
| 6. Applications of the Euler-Lagrange Multiplier Theorem in Elementary Control Theory |
| 6.1 Introduction |
| 6.2 A Rocket Control Problem: Minimum Time |
| 6.3 A Rocket Control Problem: Minimum Fuel |
| 6.4 A More General Control Problem |
| 6.5 A Simple Bang-Bang Problem |
| 6.6 Some Remarks on the Maximum Principle and Dynamic Programming |
| 7. The Variational Description of Sturm-Liouville Eigenvalues |
| 7.1 Introduction to Sturm-Liouville Pro |
| 7.2 The Relation Between the Lowest Eigenvalue and the Rayleigh Quotient |
| 7.3 The Rayleigh-Ritz Method for the Lowest Eigenvalue |
| 7.4 Higher Eigenvalues and the Rayleigh Quotient |
| 7.5 The Courant Minimax Principle |
| 7.6 Some Implications of the Courant Minimax Principle |
| 7.7 Further Extensions of the Theory |
| 7.8 Some General Remarks on the Ritz Method of Approximate Minimization |
| 8. Some Remarks on the Use of the Second Variation in Extremum Problems |
| 8.1 Higher-Order Variations |
| 8.2 A Necessary Condition Involving the Second Variation at an Extremum |
| 8.3 Sufficient Conditions for a Local Extremum |
| Appendix 1. The Cauchy and Schwarz Inequalities |
| Appendix 2. An Example on Normed Vector Spaces |
| Appendix 3. An Integral Inequality |
| Appendix 4. A Fundamental Lemma of the Calculus of Variations |
| Appendix 5. Du Bois-Reymond's Derivation of the Euler-Lagrange Equation |
| Appendix 6. A Useful Result from Calculus |
| Appendix 7. The Construction of a Certain Function |
| Appendix 8. The Fundamental Lemma for the Case of Several Independent Variables |
| Appendix 9. The Kinetic Energy for a Certain Model of an Elastic String |
| Appendix 10. The Variation of an Initial Value Problem with Respect to a Parameter |
| Subject Index; Author Index |